Berliner Adreßbuch:

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Title:: Mongolian diaspora

Publication:: Berlin: De Gruyter

Note:: Gesehen am 24.10.2023; Open Access; Namensnennung 4.0 International

Scope:: Online-Ressource

ISSN:: 2941-2722

ZDB-ID:: 3158394-5

VÖBB-Katalog:: 35425752

Keywords:: Zeitschrift

Classification:: Geschichte

Collection:: Geschichte

Copyright:: Rights reserved

Accessibility:: Eingeschränkter Zugang mit Nutzungsbeschränkungen

Article

Author:: Gerelt-Od, Batzaya

Title:: Origin, Development, and Tendency of Grammatical Case Suffixes of Mongolic Languages and Dialects

Publication:: Berlin: De Gruyter, 2025

Language:: English

Information:: Abstract: In this article, we present the results of a comparative study on inflexional suffixes involved in the grammatical construction of nouns and verbs in nine Mongolic languages: Mongolian, Oirat, Buryat, Monguor, Mogul, Dagur, Dongxiang, Bonan, and East Yugur, as well as in some dialects. To understand any lingustic phenomenon, it is essential to study it at both synchronic and sequential levels. That said, the fundamental issue remains the dialectic unity of analysis. Accordingly, in our study, we have collected linguistic materials relating to Mongolian languages and dialects and examined them both synchronically and sequentially, that is, by comparing and analyzing them from a historical perspective, in order to determine future trends in their development. Although eight grammatical cases have traditionally been defined and described, a comprehensive analysis of Mongolian languages and dialects identifies 12 cases in active use. Suffixes are derived from independent words and root syllables or from word-forming suffixes. As they evolved, particularly during the Middle Mongolian period, they lost their status as authentic words and, in modern times, have become morphemes. Quantitatively, grammatical case suffixes have increased in number through a process of ramification. At the same time, in their meanings have become more clearly defined and precise. In terms of form, suffixes have followed the linguistic principle of abbreviation, and have often been reduced to a single phoneme (usually a consonant) carrying grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the meaning and function of each suffix have expanded. New suffixes, formed from independent words, came to share some of the functions and meanings of older ones. In this way, the twofold process of language development has continued to the present day, in accordance with General Systems Theory.

Scope:: Online-Ressource

Note:: Open Access; Archivierung/Langzeitarchivierung gewährleistet

Keywords:: Mongolic languages ; Mongolian dialects ; grammatical case ; exclusion principle ; general systems theory (dual) ; grammaticalization

Classification:: Geschichte; Sprache

URN:: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2511100319533.409627312689

Collection:: Geschichte; Sprache

Copyright:: CC BY

Accessibility:: Free Access

Oeffentliche Lasten und Rechte. 22l» Die Nachweisungen des Kaiserlichen statistischen Amts zeigen wiederum einen Rückgang in den Einnahmen von Verbrauchsabgaben an, jedoch in geringerem Maße als beim Vj. Für das erste Qrt. 1877 fehlen die Angaben. Einnahmen an Salz Branntw.- Brau Zoll von ausl. Neberhanpt pro im I. steuer steuer steuer Gegenständen Verbrauchsabg. Kopf 1875 582 671 13 318 1 767 270 10 205 513 12 568 772 12.4«; 1876 630 831 12 141 1 664 186 9 668 935 11 976 093 12.05 1877/78 600 735 468 960 1 531 499 8 426 181 11 027 375 10.« 1878/79 590 985 501 540 1 552 932 8 316 361 10 961 818 lO.s.i Z. Die städtischen Gemeindeabgaben. Die nachstehenden Zusammenstellungen für die letzten vier Jahre sind zum größten Theil dem Berichte des Steuer-Einziehungsbureaus für 1878, die ergänzenden Angaben für das Jahr 1878 dem neuesten Berichte für 1879 Steuer-Soll. 1875 1876 1877 1878 I.Du. II.-IV. Du. Haussteuer .... Miethsteuer.... Gem.Einkommenst. 3104858! 3399 320! 3548041 9 712904 1016838640189 349 8916969 6 253373 8 217102 980302 2536 609 2537 726 2578976 ! 7 512492 | 7 742091 überhaupt . . 21 734 731 I 19 821 079 21 954492 6054637(17 833559 auß. Sublevat.-St. 234130 256 248 392 211 133 200 267110 Niedergeschlagen Haussteuer .... 1 323! 1 439- 1523 710! 5 341 Miethsteuer.... 170155 302590 322421 — 345689 Gem.Einkommenst. 523580! 577053 474835 282 744 678466 Sublevationst. . . 130i 296! 199 109 251 Rest am Jahres Haussteuer .... schlug. 30669 18822! 12 750! 6 581 8 562 Miethsteuer.... 193 909 115 761 78940! 49 737 49670 Gem.Einkommenst. 480673 207 235 202006 64 965 39015 Sublevationst . . 765> 754| 1173] 1374 866 Steuer-Ist. Hausfteuer .... 3 076494! 3 409 7291 1. Duartal 3 552 5901 895 761 Etatsjahr 3 550228 Miethsteuer.... 9407 858 9 943943| 9 903 750 2 486322 9 695 278 Hundesteuer.... 252568 281 902 436 638 S. I. 312099 auß. f.Hundemarken 3 798 4663 6129 S. I. 5 600 Gem.Einkommenst. 8037115 6123060 7 747 496 2392023 9 562 290 Braumalzsteuer. . 385815 354288 419800 S. l. 329111 überhaupt . . 21163 648 20117 585)27 840509 S. l. 23454606 auß. Sublevat.-St. 233 485 255 963 398592 132890 133 242 Hiervon gingen ab Haus-u.Miethst. . an Restitu 9123 tionen bei der 14837! 19533 S. l. 3 Duartale 13795 Hundesteuer.... 248 221) 293 S. I. 272 Gem.Einkommenst. 176502 132 389! 166 983 S. l. 175898 Braumalzstener. . 23 365 — — S. I. — auß. b. d. Hundest. 2177 4 770 4 324 S. I. 3 721 Ausgaben überhpt. 211 415 152217) 191 133 — 193 686

fullscreen: Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Berlin (Public Domain) Ausgabe 6.1878 (Public Domain)

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